Mkutano wa Umoja wa Mataifa wa Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi (COP28) umehitimisha kwa makubaliano yaliyopewa jina la The UAE Consensus, ambayo yanaweka ajenda kabambe ya hali ya hewa kuweka 1.5°C ndani ya kufikiwa. Hii inatoa wito kwa Wanachama kuachana na nishati ya kisukuku ili kufikia uzalishaji wa sifuri ifikapo 2050.. Perhaps, this ushers in the beginning of the end of mafuta fuel era.
The uhifadhi wa hisa duniani, the first ever comprehensive assessment of the collective progress in implementing climate goals of 2015 Paris Agreement delivered by COP28 recognised that global greenhouse gas emissions need to be cut 43% by 2030, compared to 2019 levels, to limit global warming to 1.5°C. But the assessment found that the Parties are off track when it comes to meeting their Paris Agreement goals. Hence, the stocktake called on Parties to triple renewable energy capacity, to double energy efficiency improvements by 2030, to phase-down of unabated coal power, to phase to out inefficient mafuta fuel subsidies, and to take other measures that drive the transition away from mafuta fuels in energy systems, in a just, orderly and equitable manner, with developed countries continuing to take the lead. In the short-term, Parties are encouraged to come forward with economy-wide emission reduction targets and aligned with the 1.5°C limit in their next round of climate action plans by 2025.
Makubaliano ya Falme za Kiarabu yanatoa majibu kwa Uchukuaji Hisa wa Kimataifa na kuwasilisha malengo makuu ya Makubaliano ya Paris. Ahadi kuu za makubaliano ni pamoja na:
- A reference to transitioning away from all mafuta fuels to enable the world to reach net zero emissions by 2050.
- Hatua muhimu ya kusonga mbele katika matarajio ya awamu inayofuata ya Michango Iliyodhamiriwa na Kitaifa (NDCs) kwa kuhimiza "lengo la kupunguza uzalishaji wa hewa chafu katika uchumi mzima."
- Kujenga kasi nyuma ya ajenda ya mageuzi ya usanifu wa kifedha, kwa kutambua jukumu la mashirika ya ukadiriaji wa mikopo kwa mara ya kwanza, na kutaka kuongezwa kwa fedha za masharti nafuu na ruzuku.
- Lengo jipya, mahususi la kutumia upya mara tatu na ufanisi wa nishati maradufu ifikapo 2030.
- Kwa kutambua hitaji la kuongeza kwa kiasi kikubwa fedha za kukabiliana na hali hiyo zaidi ya maradufu ili kukidhi mahitaji ya dharura na yanayoendelea.
Nje ya Global Stocktake, COP28 ilitoa matokeo ya mazungumzo ili kutekeleza Hasara na Uharibifu, kupata dola milioni 792 za ahadi za mapema, kutoa mfumo wa Lengo la Kimataifa la Kukabiliana na Marekebisho (GGA), na kuweka kitaasisi jukumu la Bingwa wa Hali ya Hewa wa Vijana kujumuisha ujumuishaji wa vijana katika COP za siku zijazo. Chini ya Ajenda ya Utekelezaji katika COP28, zaidi ya dola bilioni 85 za ufadhili zimekusanywa na ahadi na matamko 11 yamezinduliwa na kupokea msaada wa kihistoria.
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Vyanzo:
- UNFCCC. News – COP28 Agreement Signals “Beginning of the End” of the Mafuta Fuel Era. Available at https://unfccc.int/news/cop28-agreement-signals-beginning-of-the-end-of-the-fossil-fuel-era
- COP28 UAE. Habari - COP28 Inatoa Makubaliano ya Kihistoria Huko Dubai Ili Kuharakisha Hatua ya Hali ya Hewa. Inapatikana kwa https://www.cop28.com/en/news/2023/12/COP28-delivers-historic-consensus-in-Dubai-to-accelerate-climate-action
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