The researchers at Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics have successfully measured infinitesimally small change in the molekuli of individual atoms following quantum jumps of electrons within by using the ultra-precise Pentatrap atomic balance at the Institute in Heidelberg.
In classical mechanics, the ‘molekuli’ is an important physical property of any object which does not change – the weight changes depending upon ‘acceleration due to gravity’ but the molekuli remains constant. This notion of constancy of mass is a basic premise in the Newtonian mechanics, however, not so in the quantum world.
The Einstein’s theory of relativity gave the notion of mass-energy equivalence which basically implied that the mass of an object need not remain constant always; it can be converted to (an equivalent amount of) energy and vice versa. This inter-relationship or interchangeability of mass and nishati into each other is one of central thinking in science and is given by the famous equation E=mc2 kama derivative ya nadharia maalum ya Einstein ya uhusiano ambapo E ni nishati, m ni wingi na c ni kasi ya mwanga katika utupu.
Mlinganyo huu E=mc2 inachezwa kila mahali lakini inazingatiwa sana, kwa mfano, katika atomiki vinu ambapo upotevu wa sehemu ya molekuli wakati wa mpasuko wa nyuklia na athari za muunganisho wa nyuklia husababisha kiasi kikubwa cha nishati.
In the sub-atomic world, when an electron jumps ‘to’ or ‘from’ one orbital to another, an amount of energy equivalent to ‘energy level gap’ between the two quantum levels is absorbed or released. Therefore, in line with the formula of mass-energy equivalence, the mass of an chembe inapaswa kuongezeka wakati inachukua nishati na kinyume chake, inapaswa kupungua wakati inatoa nishati. Lakini badiliko la wingi wa atomi kufuatia mabadiliko ya quantum ya elektroni ndani ya atomi, lingekuwa dogo sana kupima; kitu ambacho hakijawezekana hadi sasa. Lakini sivyo tena!
Watafiti katika Taasisi ya Max Planck ya Fizikia ya Nyuklia wamefaulu kupima badiliko hili dogo sana katika wingi wa atomi moja moja kwa mara ya kwanza, ikiwezekana hatua ya juu zaidi katika fizikia ya usahihi.
Ili kufanikisha hili, watafiti katika Taasisi ya Max Planck walitumia usawa wa atomiki wa Pentatrap katika Taasisi huko Heidelberg. PENTATRAP inasimama kwa 'high-precision Penning trap mass spectrometer', mizani ambayo inaweza kupima mabadiliko madogo sana katika wingi wa atomi kufuatia mruko wa kiasi cha elektroni ndani.
PENTATRAP kwa hivyo hugundua hali za kielektroniki zinazoweza kubadilika ndani ya atomi.
Ripoti inaelezea uchunguzi wa hali ya kielektroniki inayoweza kubadilika kwa kupima tofauti kubwa kati ya ardhi na majimbo ya msisimko katika Rhenium.
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Marejeo:
1. Max-Planck-Gesellschaft 2020. Chumba cha Habari - Pentatrap hupima tofauti za wingi kati ya majimbo ya quantum. Ilichapishwa tarehe 07 Mei 07, 2020. Inapatikana mtandaoni kwa https://www.mpg.de/14793234/pentatrap-quantum-state-mass?c=2249 Ilifikiwa tarehe 07 Mei 2020.
2. Schüssler, RX, Bekker, H., Braß, M. et al. Ugunduzi wa hali za kielektroniki zinazoweza kugunduliwa na Penning trap mass spectrometry. Nature 581, 42–46 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2221-0
3. JabberWok kwa Kiingereza Q52, 2007. Bohr atom model. [picha mtandaoni] Inapatikana kwa https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bohr_atom_model.svg Iliyopatikana 08 Mei 2020.
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