Kidonge kipya kimeundwa ambacho hutoa insulini kwenye mkondo wa damu kwa urahisi na bila maumivu, kwa nguruwe kwa sasa
Insulini ni homoni muhimu inayohitajika kuvunja sukari ya damu - glucose - kuzuia magonjwa zaidi. Kwa kuwa sukari hupatikana katika vyakula vingi tunavyotumia ikiwa ni pamoja na wanga, maziwa, matunda n.k, insulini inahitajika kila siku kudhibiti sukari ya damu. Wagonjwa wa ugonjwa wa kisukari wanahitaji sindano za insulini kila siku kwani kongosho yao haiwezi kutoa homoni hii vya kutosha. Ikiwa haijatibiwa, ugonjwa wa kisukari inaweza kusababisha nyingi afya matatizo kama vile kiharusi cha moyo na uharibifu wa figo.
Kidonge kipya cha insulini
Taking injections administered in the stomach has been the traditional method for taking insulin for over a century. The main reason being that most drugs like insulin when taken orally do not survive the journey through our stomach and intestine to reach the bloodstream and so directly injecting them into blood is the only option. A team of researchers led by Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA aimed to find an alternative way to take medications which otherwise require injection in their study published in Bilim. They have developed a pea-sized drug capsule which can deliver an kipimo cha mdomo insulini kwa wagonjwa Andika aina ya kisukari cha 1. Kidonge kama hicho kinaweza kuondoa utumiaji wa sindano za kila siku za insulini.
Ubunifu wa ubunifu
The drug capsule consists of a small single needle made from compressed insulin which gets automatically injected after the capsule is consumed and reaches the stomach. The tip of this needle is comprised of 100 percent compressed, freeze-dried insulin while the shaft is made of biodegradable polymer material and a little bit stainless steel as it doesn’t enter the stomach. The capsule was designed in an articulate way so that tip of the needle would always point to the tissue lining of the stomach allowing for targeted injection. Also, any movement like growling of the stomach would not affect the capsule’s orientation. They achieved this through computational modelling by creating a shape design variant which allows reorientation in the dynamic environment of the stomach. The needle is attached to a compressed spring held by a sugar disk.
Mara baada ya kumeza kidonge, diski ya sukari huyeyuka mara tu inapogusana na juisi ya tumbo kwenye tumbo, ikitoa chemchemi na kufanya kama kichocheo cha kudunga sindano kwenye ukuta wa tumbo. Na kwa kuwa utando wa tumbo hauna vipokezi vya maumivu. , wagonjwa hawangehisi chochote kinachofanya kujifungua bila uchungu kabisa. Mara tu ncha ya sindano inapodungwa kwenye ukuta wa tumbo, ncha ya sindano ndogo iliyotengenezwa na insulini iliyokaushwa kwa kuganda huyeyushwa kwa kasi inayodhibitiwa. Kwa muda wa saa moja, insulini yote inatolewa ndani ya damu. Watafiti walilenga kuzuia utoaji wowote ndani ya tumbo kwani asidi ya tumbo huvunja dawa nyingi haraka.
Upimaji katika nguruwe
Initial testing in pigs confirmed delivery of 200 micrograms of insulin and later 5milligramswhich is sufficient to lower blood sugar levels and is comparable to insulin injections given to Aina ya 2 ugonjwa wa kisukari patients. After this task is finished, the capsule passes through the digestive system without causing any adverse effects.
Watafiti wanashirikiana na kampuni ya dawa ya Denmark Nova Nordisk, ambao ndio wasambazaji wakubwa wa insulini na pia waandishi wenza wa utafiti huu, kutengeneza vidonge hivi kwa ajili ya majaribio ya binadamu yatakayofanywa katika miaka mitatu ijayo. Pia wangependa kuongeza kitambuzi ambacho kinaweza kufuatilia na uthibitishe utoaji wa kipimo.Iwapo kidonge hiki kitaundwa kwa ufanisi kwa ajili ya binadamu, sindano za insulini za kila siku zingekuwa jambo la zamani na hii inaweza kusaidia sana kwa wagonjwa, hasa watoto wanaoogopa sindano. Mbinu ya kidonge ni rahisi zaidi, ya kubebeka na pia gharama ya chini.
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Chanzo (s)
Abramson A na wenzake. 2019. Mfumo wa kujielekeza unaoweza kumeza kwa utoaji wa mdomo wa macromolecules. Sayansi. 363. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau2277
