The word ‘robot’ evokes images of binadamu-like manmade metallic machine (humanoid) designed and programmed to automatically perform some tasks for us. However, robots (or bots) can be of any shape or size and can be made of any material (including biological materials such as living cells) depending on design and functional requirements. It may not have any physical form as in the case of Siri or Alexa. Roboti hizo ni vizalia vilivyoundwa kimantiki au mashine zinazoonyesha uhuru na kutekeleza majukumu mahususi.
Biological robots (or biobots) use living seli or tissues as fabrication material. Like all robots, biobots also are programmable machines, display autonomy and perform specific tasks. These are a special class of active living and motile synthetic structures.
Viungo vilivyo hai per se, sio roboti. Wao ni sehemu za wanyama. Chembe hai huwa roboti zinapokombolewa kutoka kwa vizuizi vya kawaida na kupangwa katika umbo tarajiwa na kufanya kazi kwa kuchanganya na kuunda seli ili kuonyesha tabia maalum.
xenobots zilikuwa bioboti za kwanza za kibayolojia kuundwa katika maabara mwaka wa 2020 kwa kutumia chembechembe za mayai kutoka kwa viinitete vya spishi ya chura anayeitwa. Xenopus laevis (kwa hivyo jina la Xenobots). Ilikuwa viumbe vya kwanza vilivyo hai, vya kujitengeneza, vinavyojirudia. Chembe hai zilitumika kama vizuizi vya ujenzi ambavyo vilikombolewa kutoka kwa vizuizi vya kawaida vya sehemu nyingine ya kiinitete ili kutoa aina mpya ya maisha ya bandia ambayo mofolojia na sifa zao 'zilibuniwa' kihalisi. Xenobot hivyo, alikuwa hai synthetic viumbe. Ukuzaji wa Xenoboti ulionyesha kuwa seli zinazotokana na kiinitete cha amfibia zinaweza kupangwa kwa umbo na kufanya kazi unavyotaka kwa kutoa vikwazo vya asili. Hata hivyo, haikujulikana kama bioboti zinaweza kuundwa kutoka kwa seli zisizo amfibia au watu wazima.
Scientists have now reported successful construction of biobots using adult cells from non-embryonic binadamu tissue with capabilities beyond Xenobots. This biobot has been named ‘Athroboti’ because of its binadamu asili.
Since Xenobots were derived from amphibian embryonic cells by moulding cells individually, the research team began with testing if ability to give rise to biobots is limited to these amphibian cells or, other non-amphibian, non-embryonic adult cells also can generate biobots? Further, if the seed cells need to be necessarily sculpted individually to generate biobots or if coaxing of initial seed cells also can lead to self-construction of biobots? For this, instead of embryonic tissues, the researchers used adult, somatic cells derived from binadamu lung epithelium and were able to generate novel, multicellular, self- constructing, motile living structures without manual sculping or using any external form-giving machinery. The method used is scalable. Swarms of biobots in parallel were produced which moved via cilia- driven propulsion and lived for 45–60 days. Interestingly, it was also observed that Anthrobots moved across breaks in neuronal monolayers and induced efficient healing of defects in vitro.
Mchanganyiko wa Anthropots is significant because it demonstrates that plasticity of cells to give rise to biobots is not limited to embryonic or amphibian cells. It has shown that adult somatic binadamu wild cells without any genetic modification can form novel biobots without any external form-giving machinery.
Athroboti ni uboreshaji juu ya Xenobots na maendeleo katika teknolojia husika ambayo ina athari kubwa kwa utengenezaji wa tishu ngumu kwa matumizi ya kliniki. dawa ya kuzaliwa upya. Katika siku zijazo, inaweza kuwezekana kutoa Anthropoti zilizobinafsishwa kwa kila mgonjwa na kuzipeleka kwenye mwili bila kushawishi mwitikio wowote wa kinga.
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Marejeo:
- Blackiston D. et al 2023. Roboti za Kibiolojia: Mitazamo juu ya Uga Unaoibuka wa Taaluma mbalimbali. Roboti laini. Agosti 2023. 674-686. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/soro.2022.0142
- Gumuskaya, G. et al. 2023. Motile Living Biobots Self-Construct from Adult Binadamu Somatic Progenitor Seed Cells. Advanced Science 2303575. published: 30 November 2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202303575
- Tufts University 2023. News – Scientists Build Tiny Biological Robots from Binadamu Seli. https://now.tufts.edu/2023/11/30/scientists-build-tiny-biological-robots-human-cells
- Ebrahimkhani Mo.R. na Levin M., 2021. Mashine za usanifu za kuishi: Dirisha jipya la maisha. Mtazamo wa iSayansi. Juzuu 24, Toleo la 5, 102505, Mei 21, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102505
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