Half a century after iconic Apollo Missions which allowed twelve men to walk on the Moon kati ya 1968 na 1972, NASA is set to embark on ambitious Artemis Moon Mission designed not only to create long term binadamu presence on and around the Moon but also to learn lessons in preparation for binadamu missions and habitations on Mars. Kwa kina nafasi binadamu habitation, enabling binadamu to become a multi sayari species to thwart the risk of extinction is still a very far dream however a beginning is to happen in near future.
“Since, in the long run, every sayari civilization will be endangered by impacts from nafasi, every surviving civilization is obliged to become spacefaring—not because of exploratory or romantic zeal, but for the most practical reason imaginable: staying alive.” - Carl Sagan, 1994.
Artemis I, an uncrewed flight test, the first in a series of Artemis’s increasingly complex missions to the Moon, is scheduled to lift off on 29 August 2022. This will pave the way for future crewed flights (Artemis II, Artemis III, and beyond) to the mwandamo surface. In 2024, Artemis will land the first woman and the first person of colour on the Moon.
Ni seti gani Artemis apart is its aim to build a base camp on the lunar surface to give astronauts a place to live and work on the mwezi. Artemis Base Camp includes a modern cabin, a rover, and a mobile home. It is true that binadamu have been living and working on International Nafasi Station (ISS) for several years however Artemis Mission will allow astronauts to live on the surface of another celestial body, hence one can argue that Artemis would be first concrete step towards colonisation of deep nafasi. This aspect makes Artemis special.
The Artemis Moon Utume, NASA collaborative programme with European Nafasi Agency (ESA) and Canadian Nafasi Agency (CSA) has three objectives –scientific discovery, economic benefits, and inspiration for new generation. There are six components of the mission
- Orion spacecraft: The exploration vehicle that will carry crew to nafasi, provide emergency abort, sustain the crew during the travel and provide safe re-entry to the Earth.
- Nafasi Launch System (SLS) Rocket: The heavy-lift rocket that will launch Orion spacecraft.
- Mifumo ya Ground Ground (EGS): itasaidia uzinduzi na urejeshaji wa wanaanga wanaorejea.
- The Gateway: the spaceship in lunar obiti that will serve as multi-purpose outpost kuzunguka ya Moon where astronauts will transfer between Orion and the lander. This will provide essential support for long-term binadamu return to the lunar surface
- Binadamu Landing System: Lander will take astronauts from the Gateway in the lunar obiti kwa uso wa Moon and back to the Gateway in the obiti.
- Artemis Base Camp: will serve as the home and the workplace for a crew of four astronauts on the surface of the Moon for about 30-60 days. This will enable crew is to stay on the Moon for up to two months at a time.
Binadamu habitation system is the key piece of the mission for living longer in deep nafasi both for extending duration of operation as well as for optimal physical and mental wellbeing of the astronaut. This is certainly an imperative for future mission to Mars. The Transit Habitat is envisioned for long-duration missions.
endelevu binadamu habitation on the surface of the Moon is a very ambitious goal because of unique challenges posed by the lunar environment and the remoteness from the Earth. Notwithstanding this, experiences gained in successful operation of International Nafasi Station (ISS) for over two decades should contribute in Artemis Moon Utume.
The Artemis Base Camp, as humanity’s first long-term home on land outside Earth will enable binadamu misheni kwa Mars. With this, the idea of making binadamu mbalimbalisayari species begins.
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Vyanzo:
- NASA. Artemi. Inapatikana kwa https://www.nasa.gov/specials/artemis/
- NASA. Mpango wa Artemis. Inapatikana kwa https://www.nasa.gov/artemisprogram
- G. Flores, D. Harris, R. McCauley, S. Canerday, L. Ingram and N. Herrmann, “Deep Nafasi Habitation: Establishing a Sustainable Binadamu Presence on the Moon and Beyond,” 2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100), 2021, pp. 1-7, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438260
- NASA. Artemis Deep Space Habitation: Enabling a Sustained Binadamu Presence on the Moon and Beyond. Available at https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20220000245/downloads/Artemis%20Deep%20Space%20Habitation%20Enabling%20a%20Sustained%20Human%20Presence%20on%20the%20Moon%20and%20Beyond%20(3).pdf
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