India mwandamo Lander Vikram (na rover Pragyan) of Chandrayaan-3 mission has safely soft landed at high latitude mwandamo surface on south pole along with respective payloads. This is first mwandamo mission to land on high latitude mwandamo south pole where presence of water/ice is confirmed.
Chandrayaan-2 mission had earlier failed to achieve mwandamo soft landing when its lander had crash landed on mwandamo surface on 6th September 2019 due to technical snag.
With successful technology demonstration of mwandamo soft-landing capability, ya ISRO moon exploration mission has achieved an important milestone towards its future interplanetary missions. India has thus become fourth country in the world (after USA, former USSR and China) to have “mwandamo soft landing” capability.
Recently, Russian mwandamo lander mission Luna-25 attempted soft landing on moon’s south pole on 19th August 2023 but unfortunately crash landed and failed. However, Russian authorities announced to remain in mwandamo race. Russian mwandamo programme had a long pause. Their last successful mwandamo mission was in 1976 when Luna 24 of Soviet Union had successfully returned mwandamo samples to the Earth.
After a long pause since Appolo 17 mission in 1972, USA’s NASA is to embark on its ambitious Artemis Moon Mission designed to establish human presence on moon towards the objective of deep nafasi human habitations on Mars.
Both USA and Russia (as successor of USSR) are long established players in nafasi technology. Their highly successful lunar missions achieved key milestones over half a century ago and have remained shelved since mid-seventies until recently.
Uchina na India ni washiriki wapya (ikilinganishwa na USA na Urusi). Mpango wa mwezi wa China wa Chang'e 2007 ulianza mwaka wa 1 kwa kuzinduliwa kwa Chang'e 3. Ujumbe wao wa mwezi wa Chang'e ulionyesha uwezo wa kutua kwa urahisi mwaka wa 2013. Ujumbe wa mwisho wa China wa mwezi wa Chang'e 5 ulipata uwezo wa kurudisha sampuli mwaka wa 2020. Hivi sasa, China inaendelea na shughuli zake. ya kuzindua misheni ya mwezi ya wafanyakazi. Kwa upande mwingine, mpango wa mwezi wa India ulianza mnamo 2008 na misheni ya Chandrayaan 1. Baada ya pengo la miaka 11, Chandrayaan 2 ilizinduliwa mnamo 2019 lakini misheni hii haikuweza kufikia uwezo wa kutua kwa laini ya mwezi.
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