What causes severe Covid-19 symptoms? Evidences suggest inborn errors of type I Interferon immunity and autoantibodies against type I Interferon are causal for critical Covid-19. These errors can be identified using whole genome sequencing, thereby leading to proper quarantine and treatment.
Karatasi ya hivi karibuni inatoa mwanga juu ya utaratibu wa causal msingi kali Covid-19 nimonia.
More than 98% of the infected persons do not get any symptoms of the disease or develop mild ugonjwa. Less than 2% of the infected persons develop severe pneumonia 1-2 weeks after infection and need to be hospitalised for acute respiratory distress and/or organ failure. Less than 0.01% of the infected persons develop severe systemic inflammation resembling Kawasaki disease (KD).
Uzee ulionekana kuwa hatari kubwa ya kutishia maisha Covid-19 nimonia. Wengi wa watu wanaohitaji kulazwa hospitalini ni zaidi ya umri wa miaka 67 - ugonjwa mbaya uligunduliwa kuwa mara 3.5 zaidi kwa watu zaidi ya umri wa miaka 75 kuliko watu walio chini ya miaka 45. Wanaume wako katika hatari kubwa ya kupata dalili kali.
People with comorbidities like hypertension, ugonjwa wa kisukari, chronic cardiac disease, chronic pulmonary disease, and obesity are at higher risk of developing severe symptoms.
Baadhi ya aina za jeni zilikuwa chanzo cha aina kali ya COVID-19. Makosa ya kuzaliwa ya kinga ya interferon huchukua jukumu muhimu katika maendeleo ya dalili kali. Wagonjwa walio na lahaja mbaya katika loci 13 (msimbo huo wa protini zilizounganishwa na kinga) wana interferoni zenye kasoro. Hitilafu hizi huharibu kinga ya aina ya Interferon hivyo kusababisha uvimbe mwingi na dalili muhimu za COVID-19. Zaidi ya hayo, kupunguza kingamwili dhidi ya interferon za aina ya I hupatikana kwa angalau 10% ya wagonjwa walio na ugonjwa mbaya wa kutishia maisha.
Karatasi hii inahitimisha kuwa hitilafu za kuzaliwa za aina ya I ya kinga ya Interferon na kingamwili dhidi ya aina ya I Interferon ni sababu za COVID-19 muhimu.
Labda kutambua watu wenye genotypes vile kutasaidia sana kuzuia na kutibu matokeo makubwa ya ugonjwa huo. Mpangilio mzima wa jenomu za watu unaweza kutumika kutambua wagonjwa walio hatarini na kusababisha kuwekewa karantini na matibabu yao sahihi.
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Chanzo (s):
Zhang Q., Bastard P., Bolze A., et al., 2020. COVID-19 Inayohatarisha Maisha: Interferon Zenye Dosari Husababisha Kuvimba Kupita Kiasi. Med. Buku la 1, Toleo la 1, 18 Desemba 2020, Kurasa za 14-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2020.12.001
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