Nitriki Oksidi (HAPANA): Silaha Mpya katika Kupambana na COVID-19

Findings from recently concluded phase 2 clinical trials in Canada and the UK suggest nitric oxide (NO) could be very helpful in preventing and treating Covid-19.

Oksidi ya nitriki NO, (isichanganywe na oksidi ya nitrojeni N₂O used as anaesthetic in clinical settings) also known as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is a known biological signalling molecule which is synthesised endogenously and play key role in relaxation of smooth muscles of the damu vessel leading to vasodilation and increased blood flow. It is commonly used as prodrug Glyceryl trinitrate GTN to relieve chest pain (angina). Sildenafil (Viagra) uses the same nitric acid pathway for vasodilation.  

Another less explored property of nitric oxide (NO) is its antimicrobial activity against range of microbes including vimelea responsible for respiratory diseases such as hospital acquired pneumonia. Nitric oxide was also found to have significant antiviral properties. NO inhalation was shown to improve the condition of wagonjwa affected by SARS.  

Kwa kuwa SARS-CoV2 inahusiana kijeni na SARS-CoV, ilifikiriwa kuwa NO inaweza kuwa na ufanisi dhidi ya SARS-CoV-2 pia ^1,2. The adverse clinical condition seen in Covid-19 is because SARS-CoV2 causes nitric oxide (NO) dysfunction in cells and tissues leading to reduced endogenous NO level and bioavailability. Therefore, enhancing nitric oxide (NO) availability exogenously through suitable means such as inhalation, nasal spray, gargle, releasing solutions etc should help COVID-19 patients³.  

Kwa sasa, majaribio kadhaa ya kimatibabu yanaendelea ili kupima ufanisi wa HAPANA kama wakala wa matibabu na kinga ya kudhibiti COVID-19. Tafiti muhimu ziko hapa chini- 

Kuvuta pumzi: Tiba ya Kuvuta pumzi ya Gesi ya Nitriki Oksidi kwa COVID-19 ya Kiwango/Wastani (NoCovid): Jaribio hili la awamu ya 2 linafadhiliwa na Hospitali Kuu ya Massachusetts na inachunguza ikiwa kuvuta pumzi ya oksidi ya nitriki (NO) kunazuia kuendelea kwa wagonjwa walio na ugonjwa wa COVID-19 usio kali hadi wastani.  HAKUNA Kinga ya COVID-19 kwa Watoa Huduma za Afya (NOpreventCOVID) ni utafiti mwingine wa Hospitali Kuu ya Massachusetts na imeundwa kupima ikiwa kuvuta pumzi ya gesi ya nitriki oksidi huzuia COVID-19 miongoni mwa wahudumu wa afya.  

Dawa ya pua: Dawa ya Nitriki Oksidi kwa pua kwa matibabu ya COVID-19: Unaofadhiliwa na Ashford na St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, utafiti huu unanuia kupima ikiwa nitriki oksidi (HAPANA) inayotolewa kupitia dawa ya pua hutibu dalili za COVID-19.  

Kutoa ufumbuzi: Suluhisho la Kutoa Oksidi ya Nitriki ili Kuzuia na Kutibu Maambukizi ya COVID-19 ya Kiwango/Wastani (NOCOVID) kwa ufadhili wa SaNOtize, jaribio hili la kimatibabu la awamu ya pili lilifanyika Kanada na limekamilika. Utafiti ulipima ufanisi wa uundaji wake miliki wa NORS (Nitric Oxide Releasing Solution) katika kuzuia na kutibu maambukizi ya kiasi/wastani.^4,5.  

Kulingana na taarifa kwa vyombo vya habari na SaNOtize, suluhu ya kutolewa NORS ilipunguza kiwango cha virusi kwa zaidi ya 95% kwa washiriki walioambukizwa ndani ya saa 24 za matibabu, na kwa zaidi ya 99% katika masaa 72. Matibabu yaliharakisha uidhinishaji wa SARS-CoV-2 kwa sababu ya mara 16 dhidi ya placebo ambayo inatia moyo sana. Kampuni inapanga Uwasilishaji kwa Uidhinishaji wa Matumizi ya Dharura nchini Uingereza na Kanada mara moja⁶.  

Hope repurposing ya Nitriki Oksidi (NO) inathibitisha kusaidia katika kuzuia na kutibu Covid-19 kesi hivi karibuni.  

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Marejeo: 

1. Gianni S., Fakhr BS., et al 2020. Kuvuta pumzi ya gesi ya oksidi ya nitriki ili kuzuia COVID-2019 katika watoa huduma za afya. Chapisha mapema. MedRxiv. Ilichapishwa Aprili 11, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.05.20054544 

2. Pieretti JC., Rubilar O., et al 2021. Nitriki oksidi (HAPANA) na nanoparticles - Zana ndogo zinazowezekana kwa vita dhidi ya COVID-19 na maambukizo mengine ya coronavirus ya binadamu. Utafiti wa Virusi. Juzuu 291, 2 Januari 2021, 198202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198202 

3. Fang W., Jiang J., et al 2021. Jukumu la HAPANA katika COVID-19 na mikakati inayowezekana ya matibabu. Biolojia na Dawa ya Radical bila Malipo. Juzuu ya 163, Ukurasa wa 153-162. Ilichapishwa tarehe 1 Februari 2021. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.008 

4. US NLM 2021. Suluhu za Kutoa Oksidi ya Nitriki ili Kuzuia na Kutibu Maambukizi ya COVID-19 ya Kiwango/Wastani (NOCOVID). Kitambulisho cha ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04337918. Inapatikana mtandaoni kwa https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04337918?term=SaNOtize+nasal+spray&cond=Covid19&draw=2&rank=2 Ilifikiwa tarehe 08 Aprili 2021.  

5. SaNOtize, 2021. NORSTM - teknolojia yetu ya jukwaa. Inapatikana mtandaoni kwa https://sanotize.com Ilifikiwa tarehe 08 Aprili 2021.  

6. SaNOtize, 2021. Taarifa kwa vyombo vya habari - Uingereza Jaribio la Kliniki Linathibitisha Tiba Muhimu ya SaNOtize kwa COVID19. Inapatikana mtandaoni kwa https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210315005197/en/UK-Clinical-Trial-Confirms-SaNOtize’s-Breakthrough-Treatment-for-COVID-19 Ilifikiwa tarehe 08 Aprili 2021.  

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