Kufuatia tathmini na idhini ya Shirika la Madawa la Ulaya (EMA), WHO imetoa orodha ya matumizi ya dharura (EUL) kwa Nuvaxovid tarehe 21 Desemba 2021. Mapema tarehe 17 Desemba 2021, WHO alikuwa ametoa orodha ya matumizi ya dharura (EUL) kwa Covovax.
Covovax na Nuvaxoid hivyo kuwa 9th na 10th Covid-19 chanjo in WHO’s emergency use list.
Both Nuvaxovid & Covovax chanjo are protein subunit chanjo, and use nanoparticles. These are made using recombinant nanoparticle technology to generate antigen derived from the coronavirus spike (S) protein and contain patented saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant to enhance the immune response and stimulate the high levels of neutralizing antibodies.
Hizi mbili chanjo contain purified protein antigen which cannot replicate, nor can cause COVID-19 disease.
Nuvaxovid & Covovax zinahitaji dozi mbili na ni dhabiti katika halijoto ya 2 hadi 8 °C iliyohifadhiwa kwenye jokofu.
Nuvaxovid ilitengenezwa na Novavax, Inc., kampuni ya kibayoteknolojia ya Marekani iliyoko Maryland. Ni bidhaa ya mwanzilishi wa Covovax.
Covovax ilitengenezwa na Novavax na Muungano wa Maandalizi ya Uvumbuzi wa Epidemic Preparedness (CEPI) na inatolewa na Taasisi ya Serum ya India (SII) chini ya leseni kutoka Novavax. Hii ni sehemu ya jalada la kituo cha COVAX, na kutoa msukumo unaohitajika kwa juhudi zinazoendelea za kuwachanja watu wengi zaidi katika mipangilio yenye ufinyu wa rasilimali.
Covovax and Nuvaxoid are similar to Cuba’s Soberana 02 and Abdala in being protein-based vaccines against COVID-19 however Cuba’s chanjo specifically exploit the RBD (receptor binding domain) region of the spike protein, responsible for entry of virus into human cells while Nuvaxovid & Covovax target coronavirus spike (S) protein.
Like Cuba’s chanjo, Nuvaxovid & Covovax also have advantage of being stable at 2-8° C and could be relatively easily tailored to make new vaccines against the mutated strains.
The abovementioned protein-based COVID-19 chanjo differ markedly from existing COVID-19 chanjo currently in use. While mRNA vaccines (manufactured by Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna) carry message for expression of viral protein antigen in the human cells, adenovirus vector-based chanjo (such as Oxford/AstraZeneca’s ChAdOx1 nCoV-2019 and Janssen’s) use genetically engineered adenovirus as a vector to carry spike-protein gene of novel coronavirus which is expressed in the human cells that acts as antigen for active immunity development. Further, mRNA vaccines are costly and have cold supply chain issue while adenovirus vector-based vaccines are implicated in rare side effects of Blood clot.
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Vyanzo:
- WHO 2021. Habari - WHO yaorodhesha chanjo ya 10 ya COVID-19 kwa matumizi ya dharura: Nuvaxovid. Ilichapishwa tarehe 21 Desemba 2021, Inapatikana mtandaoni kwa https://www.who.int/news/item/21-12-2021-who-lists-10th-covid-19-vaccine-for-emergency-use-nuvaxovid
- EMA 2021. Habari - EMA inapendekeza Nuvaxovid kwa idhini katika EU, Iliyotumwa 20/12/2021. Inapatikana mtandaoni kwa https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/ema-recommends-nuvaxovid-authorisation-eu
- WHO 2021. Habari - WHO yaorodhesha chanjo ya 9 ya COVID-19 kwa matumizi ya dharura kwa lengo la kuongeza ufikiaji wa chanjo katika nchi zenye mapato ya chini. Ilichapishwa tarehe 17 Desemba 2021. Inapatikana mtandaoni kwa https://www.who.int/news/item/17-12-2021-who-lists-9th-covid-19-vaccine-for-emergency-use-with-aim-to-increase-access-to-vaccination-in-lower-income-countries
- Tian, JH., Patel, N., Haupt, R. et al. Mtahiniwa wa chanjo ya spike glycoprotein ya SARS-CoV-2 NVX-CoV2373 katika nyani na ulinzi katika panya. Nat Commun 12, 372 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20653-8
- Khan S., na Dhama K. 2021. Jukumu la India katika diplomasia ya chanjo ya COVID-19. Journal of Travel Medicine, Juzuu 28, Toleo la 7, Oktoba 2021, taab064, Limechapishwa: 16 Aprili 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taab064
- Soni R., 2021.Soberana 02 na Abdala: Chanjo ya kwanza duniani ya kuunganisha Protini dhidi ya COVID-19. Ulaya ya kisayansi. Ilichapishwa tarehe 30 Novemba 2021. Inapatikana mtandaoni kwa http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/covid-19/soberana-02-and-abdala-worlds-first-protein-conjugate-vaccines-against-covid-19/
- Prasad U. 2021. Aina za Chanjo za COVID-19 huko Vogue: Je, Kuna Kitu Kibaya? Kisayansi Ulaya. Ilichapishwa tarehe 20 Januari 2021. Inapatikana mtandaoni kwa http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/covid-19/types-of-covid-19-vaccine-in-vogue-could-there-be-something-amiss/
- Soni R. 2021. Mustakabali wa Chanjo za Adenovirus kulingana na COVID-19 (kama vile Oxford AstraZeneca) kwa kuzingatia matokeo ya hivi majuzi kuhusu Sababu ya athari adimu za kuganda kwa Damu. Kisayansi Ulaya. Ilichapishwa tarehe 3 Desemba 2021. Inapatikana mtandaoni kwa http://scientificeuropean.co.uk/covid-19/future-of-adenovirus-based-covid-19-vaccines-such-as-oxford-astrazeneca-in-light-of-recent-finding-about-cause-of-rare-side-effects-of-blood-clot/
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